Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 16 by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783031106385
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

4 Differences in Human and Murine Immune Systems

While human and murine immune systems are highly conserved and unique with regards to only approximately 300 genes (Chinwalla et al. 2002), acknowledging these differences provides context to current findings obtained from immunodeficient mouse. Additionally, understanding these differences highlights the role of humanized mice to enable ITx evaluation under the effects of a human immune system. Differences between mouse and human immune systems is only discussed briefly here, and specifically as they pertain to ITx. Reviews by Mestas and Hughes (2004), and Haley (2003) provide complete evaluation of differences between human and mouse immune systems (Mestas and Hughes 2004; Haley 2003).

The first major difference between humans and mice is the composition of circulating white blood cells (WBCs). Mice have a much higher proportion of lymphocytes (75–90% in mice vs. 30–50% in humans) and lower neutrophils (10–25% in mice vs. 50–75% in humans) (Table 1). For ITx, a lower proportion of neutrophils may explain successful subcutaneous ITx in mice due to less neutrophil-directed foreign body response (Yasunami et al. 2018; Jhunjhunwala et al. 2015; Yu et al. 2020; Pepper et al. 2017), while device and device-free techniques have shown less promising results in humans (Marfil-Garza et al. 2020b). The proportion of lymphocytes and neutrophils that exist in humanized mouse models varies, and should be considered when evaluating outcomes; higher or lower lymphocyte populations may inadequately represent allograft responses or recurrent autoimmunity in these models.Table 1Differences in human and murine immune systems

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